The World of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

 

Maps of the Greek World around the Time of Plato and Socrates

Pre-Socratics Philosophers

Thales                                                        Anaximander                                                                                                      

Heraclitus                                                                                                                Anaximenes

 

Pythagoras                                                                      Zeno                                                        Parmenides

Empedocles                                                                                            Democritus

Protagoras                                                                                                        Gorgias

Athens

The Goddess Athena

 

Acropolis

 

Theater of Dionysus

Agora

Parthenon                                                                                                        Temple of Athena

 

Athenian Home                                               Symposium (Drinking Party)                                  

 

 

Athens in Ruins

The Athenian Democracy

Democratic Political Leaders

Solon                                                    Pericles                                                                        Themistocles

 

Pericles Addressing the Assembly                                                            The Tyrannicides

 

                        ß

TRIALS BY JURY IN
PEOPLE'S COURTS

1. 500 TO 1501 jurors chosen by random ballot from citizen population
2. verdict by simple majority vote without deliberation
3. no professional prosecutors or judges
4. charges brought and defendant prosecuted by citizen-accusers, and defense conducted by defendant
5. timed speeches with each side given three hours to present its case
6. two-stage trials, first stage to determine guilt or innocence, second to determine sentence

 

 

 

The Assembly

The Pynx, Meeting Place of the Assembly

 

Speaker's Platform in the Assembly

 

Schematic View from Above of the Assembly

 

Voting Machine                                                                                            Public Decree Recording Assembly Decision

 

Ballots in Favor of Ostracism (Banishment of a Political Leader)

The Council of 500

Meeting Place and Seating Arrangement of the Council of 500 (Boule)

The Meeting Place of the Council at the Entrance to the Agora

The Law Courts

 

Ruins of Athens' Oldest Law Court

 

Schematic View from Above of the Main Legal Complex (for Arraignment and Trial) in 5th Century CE Athens

 

Machine for Selecting Jury Members

 

Ceramic Water Clock for Timing Trial Speeches

 

Jurors' Ballots

 

Crowning of the Demos (The Common People)

Socrates

 

 

Busts of Socrates

 

Socrates in Painting and Etching

 

Reconstruction of Temple of Apollo at Delphi

 

Ruins of the Temple

 

Apollo

 

The Priestess of Apollo as Medium of the Oracle

 

Hoplites (Armored Warriors; Socrates' Rank in the Athenian Army)

 

                                                                                    Law Court Where Socrates Was Tried (4)

 

Royal Stoa, Where Socrates Was Arraigned                              Schematic View of the Law Court

 

Hemlock Vials

 

Ruins of the Jail Where Socrates Awaited Execution

 

Plato

 

Plato with Students at the Academy

 

Ruins of the Academy

 

Aristotle

Aristotle with his Student, Alexander the Great

 

Ruins of Aristotle's School in Macedon

 

The School of Athens, by Raphael (Plato and Aristotle are under the central arch, Plato on the left, Aristotle on the right)