End of Europe's Middle Ages Subinfeudation Although scholars have attempted to sort out feudal agreements into the neatly organized hierarchy of power indicated by the black lines, the coloured lines of this illustration indicate the confusing complexity of feudal ties that actually existed. The arrows indicate the direction of allegiance. Return to Feudal Institutions The End of Europe's Middle Ages / Applied History Research Group / University of Calgary Copyright © 1997, The Applied History Research Group